Fort of Saint John the Baptist

The Fort of Saint John the Baptist, otherwise known as the Peak Fort, stands high up above Funchal at approximately 110 meters in altitude.

Built in 1602, it was the city's main defence against the many pirate attacks which took place during that time. Its location was decided upon not only because of its geographical position in relation to Funchal and its coastline, but also because of the fresh water supply which existed there.
The fort was originally made of timber, but eventually it was replaced by stone. It took many years to improve the structural integrity of the stone-made fortification. Its main gate reads 1632.

While cannons were placed there in 1742, there is no record of major military conflict related to the fort. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, it served as a gunpowder warehouse and prison. Later, in the 1770s, it was used to train young men in various trades. After the floods of 1803, tents were placed in its interior to accommodate families who had been temporarily homeless.
Its name originated from the chapel which stood on the same land which was used to construct the fort. The chapel was originally built to honour St. John.

In the 20th century, many antennas were installed for what was to become a military radiotelegraph station. Accordingly, locals affectionately began to call the fort ‘Pico Radio’ (Radio Peak). It has, since then, served as a naval communications center.

The fort also houses a small museum which displays drawings and photographs related to the history of Funchal and the fortress itself.